42. Intel’s case study

Intel’s case study:
1. Lagging Process Technology: Delays in 10nm and 7nm processes left Intel unable to compete with TSMC and Samsung, losing its technological edge.
2. Product Strategy Missteps: Insistence on in-house production without flexible outsourcing and missing the smartphone market stunted its low-power chip development.
3. Competitive Pressure: AMD leveraged TSMC’s advancements, and Apple shifted to in-house chips, eroding Intel’s high-end market share.
4. Management Issues: Conservative decisions and declining innovation overly relied on x86 architecture, failing to adapt to industry changes.
5. Market Adaptation Shortcomings: Supply chain crises and failed diversification efforts missed opportunities in AI and data centers.

Intel case study: 主要來自以下幾個關鍵原因：
1. 製程技術落後：10nm 和 7nm 製程延遲，無法與台積電、三星競爭，失去技術領先地位。
2. 產品策略失誤：堅持自產模式，未靈活外包；錯失智慧手機市場，低功耗晶片發展滯後。
3. 競爭壓力：AMD 借助台積電崛起，蘋果轉向自研晶片，削弱 Intel 高端市場份額。
4. 管理問題：決策保守、創新力下降，過度依賴 x86 架構，未跟上行業變化。
5. 市場適應不足：供應鏈危機、多元化探索失敗，錯過 AI 和數據中心機會。

Intel 必須在製程、產品策略和內部改革上做出突破，才能重拾優勢。